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Temperature

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In physics, temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of "hot" and "cold"; generally the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter.

Formally, temperature is that property which governs the transfer of thermal energy, or heat, between one system and another. When two systems are at the same temperature, they are in thermal equilibrium and no heat transfer will occur. When a temperature difference does exist, heat will tend to move from the higher temperature system to the lower temperature system, until thermal equilibrium is again established. This heat transfer may occur via conduction, convection or radiation (see heat for additional discussion of the various mechanisms of heat transfer). The formal properties of temperature are studied in thermodynamics. Temperature also plays an important role in almost all fields of science, including physics, chemistry, and biology.

Temperature is related to the amount of thermal energy or heat in a system. As more heat is added the temperature rises, similarly a decrease in temperature corresponds to a loss of heat from the system. On the microscopic scale this heat corresponds to the random motion of atoms and molecules in the system. Thus, an increase in temperature corresponds in an increase in the rate of movement of the atoms in the system.

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