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Stapes

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  1. Lawmakers take sober view of vaporized-alcohol machines

    By Joel Currier

    Of the Post-Dispatch

    02/20/2005

    Missouri and Illinois lawmakers are trying to keep a new party toy from putting bar-hoppers here on the fast track to euphoria.

    But so far, the new machine that allows users to inhale vaporized booze doesn't seem to have made an appearance in either state.

    Legislators believe the machine - designed to produce an alcoholic buzz minus the carbohydrates, the calories or the hangover - is dangerous and should be banned before it enters the club scene in Illinois and Missouri.

    "It's my fear that the machine will encourage underage consumption, and we don't know enough about the devices yet and their safety," said Rep. Trent Skaggs, D-North Kansas City, the Missouri bill's sponsor.

    The vaporizer is called AWOL, short for "Alcohol Without Liquid." It transforms hard alcohol into mist with an oxygen generator. Users pull the alcohol vapor into their lungs with large inhalers.

    The device is "designed to allow people to enjoy the effects of alcohol mixed with oxygen" that creates "a sense of well-being and a mild euphoria," according to the Web site for Spirit Partners Inc., which distributes the machines.

    Sandy Pihos, R-Glen Ellyn, Ill., a co-sponsor of the Illinois bill, said the "machines put people at risk by having the alcohol go directly to the blood vessels and the brain, because alcohol wasn't made to be consumed that way."

    The Illinois bill's chief sponsor, Rep. Patricia Bellock, R-Westmont, said she was most concerned about the machines being marketed to young people as providing a low-carb, low-calorie, hangover-free high.

    The Missouri bill would ban the machines in bars and nightclubs across the state, while the Illinois bill would stop the sale and use of the devices without approval from the Illinois Liquor Control Commission. Lawmakers from both states expect to amend the bills to make the machines totally illegal.

    A bill also was introduced Feb. 8 in Congress that would temporarily ban the devices pending approval by the Food and Drug Administration.

    Inhaling alcohol, doctors say, sends a quick, potent dose of alcohol directly to the brain, because it bypasses the liver and diffuses into the bloodstream. Breathing alcoholic vapor may even have damaging effects on the lungs.

    "It's a shortcut and could potentially cause overdose," said Dr. Mark Comunale, chairman of St. Louis University's anesthesiology department. "If you think about it, it really has no other purpose than to get someone inebriated. It's analogous to direct placement of alcohol in the bloodstream. It's as close as you can get to going (intravenous) without going IV."

    The distributor's claim that the machine delivers a low-calorie, low-carb high is "bogus," Comunale said. Alcohol has the same calorie count when broken down by the body whether inhaled or drunk in liquid form. And hard liquor has no carbs.

    Skaggs says his bill is a "pre-emptive strike" against allowing the machines in Missouri bars and clubs because he is concerned the devices could cause people to feel more intoxicated than their blood-alcohol levels would show on breath tests. Pihos said banning the machines in Illinois is "proactive in preventing any heartache to any family in the future."

    Spirit Partners secretary Bill Sasser rejected claims that the machine is dangerous and could manipulate blood-alcohol levels. He said he used his machine every day for nine months and never got drunk. Users are limited to inhaling no more than 1.5 ounces of alcohol an hour, he said.

    "You're not going to get hammered off of this machine," Sasser said. "After about 15 minutes" of not using the machine, "you're stone-cold sober."

    That was the gist of a New Jersey bar owner's complaint when he returned his vaporizer after having it just four days in October.

    "It's actually a big waste of breath," said Steve Baskinger, 34, owner of the Bask Bar & Grill in West Paterson, N.J. "I've done shot after shot after shot after shot from that machine, and it absolutely does nothing for you. The only thing you're doing is sucking wind."

    Banning the machines is a waste of time and tax dollars, Baskinger added.

    But a bartender in Florida had a much different experience. The Sun on the Beach bar in Kissimmee, Fla., hooked up a machine for a night in December and charged people $10 a shot, said Anthony Schambers, 26, a bartender at the nightclub. "It looked like a nitrous (oxide) party," said Schambers, who was worried that users might hop in their cars feeling drunk and still pass breath tests. The effects of the machine, he said, were instant and powerful.

    Health experts say alcohol in the bloodstream, whether delivered in liquid or vaporized form, should result in the same breath test readings.

    The Missouri Division of Alcohol and Tobacco Control already prohibits liquor licensees from operating any self-service, coin-operated or mechanical device that dispenses alcohol. The devices are legal in Illinois, although the state would look for regulatory loopholes to prevent their use in bars and nightclubs, said Bob Bugielski, associate director of the Illinois Liquor Control Commission. Bugielski said he gets the impression the machines have failed commercially and haven't appeared anywhere in Illinois.

    Sasser said his company has sold "hundreds" of machines since August. They start at $299 for individual sizes, up to $2,895 for commercial versions capable of serving two to four people at a time.

    New York, Colorado, Connecticut and Florida legislators have proposed bans on the machines, citing health risks, potential increases in alcohol abuse and drunken driving. The Kansas City City Council adopted an ordinance in September prohibiting the machines in bars and nightclubs.

    The Missouri vaporizer bill is HB250.

    The Illinois vaporizer bill is HB0686.

    LINK

  2. Ecstasy trials for combat stress

    David Adam, science correspondent

    Thursday February 17, 2005

    The Guardian

    American soldiers traumatised by fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan are to be offered the drug ecstasy to help free them of flashbacks and recurring nightmares.

    The US food and drug administration has given the go-ahead for the soldiers to be included in an experiment to see if MDMA, the active ingredient in ecstasy, can treat post-traumatic stress disorder.

    Scientists behind the trial in South Carolina think the feelings of emotional closeness reported by those taking the drug could help the soldiers talk about their experiences to therapists. Several victims of rape and sexual abuse with post-traumatic stress disorder, for whom existing treatments are ineffective, have been given MDMA since the research began last year.

    Michael Mithoefer, the psychiatrist leading the trial, said: "It's looking very promising. It's too early to draw any conclusions but in these treatment-resistant people so far the results are encouraging.

    "People are able to connect more deeply on an emotional level with the fact they are safe now."

    He is about to advertise for war veterans who fought in the last five years to join the study.

    According to the US national centre for post-traumatic stress disorder, up to 30% of combat veterans suffer from the condition at some point in their lives.

    Known as shell shock during the first world war and combat fatigue in the second, the condition is characterised by intrusive memories, panic attacks and the avoidance of situations which might force sufferers to relive their wartime experiences.

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    Dr Mithoefer said the MDMA helped people discuss traumatic situations without triggering anxiety.

    "It appears to act as a catalyst to help people move through whatever's been blocking their success in therapy."

    The existing drug-assisted therapy sessions last up to eight hours, during music is played. The patients swallow a capsule containing a placebo or 125mg of MDMA - about the same or a little more than a typical ecstasy tablet.

    Psychologists assess the patients before and after the trial to judge whether the drug has helped.

    The study has provoked controversy, because significant doubts remain about the long-term risks of ecstasy.

    Animal studies suggest that it lowers levels of the brain chemical serotonin, and some politicians and anti-drug campaigners have argued that research into possible medical benefits of illegal drugs presents a falsely reassuring message.

    The South Carolina study marks a resurgence of interest in the use of controlled psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs. Several studies in the US are planned or are under way to investigate whether MDMA, LSD and psilocybin, the active ingredient in magic mushrooms, can treat conditions ranging from obsessive compulsive disorder to anxiety in terminal cancer patients.

    Link

  3. Uncommon

    Something about me stinks

    something about me smells

    I don't want that to be, how you remember me

    Something about me stinks

    If I was not so strange

    if I can only change

    I wouldn't be so far, from standing where you are

    If I was not so strange

    Everywhere I look is south

    everywhere I look is south

    If I could clear my vision now, I could hear you nice and loud Everywhere I look is south

    Something about me's weak

    if I could only tweak

    myself from the inside out, I could turn my life around

    if I was not so weak

    Doesn't have to be the only way to common ground

    Absence was an option only waiting to be found

    But the further that I float along, the sooner I could sink

    And in the end what really matters that if you feel that you could think of me the same

    If I was not so strange

    if I can only change

    myself from the inside out, I could turn my life around

    If I was not so strange

    Something about me's weak

    if I could only tweak

    myself from run-around, I could be a (frown?)

    if I was not so weak

  4. What song you want your condom to play?

    The singing protective

    By JACQUI THORNTON

    Health Editor

    A SCIENTIST has come up with a musical condom that gets louder as the sex gets more vigorous.

    The singing protective is designed to be a laugh for couples who want to make their own sweet music, says Ukrainian inventor Dr Grigoriy Chausovskiy.

    Different lovemaking positions determine what tune is played by the condom, which also works like a normal contraceptive.

    The rubber has tiny sensors connected to a mini electronic device that produces the sounds.

    “But there is no danger of being electrocuted,” said Dr Chausovskiy, who has teamed up with a manufacturer to export the condoms to Britain.

    They will cost about 20 per cent more than normal condoms. “But people will pay for the extra stimulation,” he said."

    link

  5. I had always thought Deja Vu was a malfunction between short term and long term memory.

    Here's an alternitive view.

    Deja vu? Scientists have the answer

    14 February 2005

    HAMBURG - Most of us have experienced deja vu at least once in our lives - that uncomfortable feeling that you have been here in this place, in this situation before.

    Usually the sensation lasts for just a moment and is quickly followed by the realization that you have not in fact experienced the current situation in the past, and simply cannot know the place you are in.

    Nevertheless, there is the feeling that something was there in our memory, either in part or whole.

    The sensation of deja vu, meaning "already seen", was given its name in the 19th century, but for much longer the mental phenomenon has both fascinated and

    frightened those who experience it.

    Science has had little to offer by way of explanation, adding to the mystery.

    There have been attempts at clearing up the phenomenon, which some people see as evidence for metempsychosis - the belief that after death the soul passes to another body, whether human or animal.

    One point of departure for researchers has been that a deja vu experience is linked to an experience in a dream that has been half or totally forgotten.

    The French writers on the topic Marc Tadie and his brother Jean- Yves, one a director of a university department of neurosurgery, the other a professor of literature, point to this in their book "Le Sens de la Memoire".

    It is characteristic of the experience that one is certain for a moment that one has lived through this experience before but can simply not remember at what point in time.

    The description of dreams in works of literature can also point to a way of understanding deja vu experiences.

    "In a dream the consciousness can move freely in a space without limits, in which past and future blend," the two Tadies say about descriptions of this kind.

    In a contribution last year to the German magazine "Gehirn & Geist" (Brain and Spirit, published by Heidelberg) reference is made to research into memory processes conducted by John D.E. Gabrieli and his team at Stanford University in California.

    Their studies indicate that the brain structures of the Hippocampus and the parahippocampal Cortex play differing roles in this process.

    While the Hippocampus enables the subject to remember events consciously, the parahipppocampal Cortex can distinguish between accustomed and unaccustomed impulses, and do this without even referring to a concrete experience.

    Josef Spatt of the Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute in Vienna has based his hypothesis on this idea, suggesting that deja vu occurs when the Parahippocampus, without the Hippocampus being involved, emits a signal of being accustomed to, or comfortable with, a sensation.

    At this moment, a current experience is regarded as well-known, even though it cannot be uniquely placed in time.

    Like Spatt, Uwe Wolfradt, who researches self-alienation and memory phenomena at the the Institute of Psychology at the University of Halle-Wittenberg, says there are probably many regions of the brain involved in sensations of deja vu.

    "The intensive feelings of self-alienation and unreality, along with the changed feeling about time, appear to indicate a complex series of events in the consciousness," he says.

    While the person experiencing deja vu begins to doubt his grasp on reality for a moment, neuro-scientists believe this "little mistake" perpetrated by our consciousness allows them an unaccustomed window onto the processes of the consciousness.

    "Perhaps continuing research into deja vu will explain not only how memory errors occur, but also how the brain is able to establish a continuous image of reality at all," Wolfradt says.

    DPA

    LINK

  6. If you limit the people who get the "immortality nanates" to 1 child and sterilize them afterwards I doubt it would get too out of hand.

    It might also give people an excuse to stop breeding so much.

    "I'm sorry sir but you've sired more than one child, unfortunatly you don't qualify for the immotality treatment. You will have to live forever through your genes instead."

  7. international team of Mayo Clinic-led researchers is first to devise a system that consistently converts the measles virus into a therapeutic killer that hunts down and destroys cancer cells -- and cancer cells only. Their research findings appear as an advanced electronic article of Nature Biotechnology. The researchers harnessed the viral trait for attacking and commandeering cells, and then redirected the virus to attack diseased, rather than healthy cells. The work was done on laboratory animals implanted with two kinds of human cancer cells -- ovarian cancer and lymphoma -- and is probably still years away from use as a human therapy. But the concept has at last been proved in mice with human cancer tumors -- and that's an essential step toward using this approach to expand and improve human treatments for a variety of cancers.

    The "Obedient Virus"

    "When I saw the data, I was completely stunned. It's the sort of thing that, having worked on targeting viruses for about 15 years, I just couldn't believe that we'd finally got what we'd been hunting all that time," says Stephen Russell, M.D., Ph.D., lead researcher and director of Mayo Clinic's Molecular Medicine Program.

    "It's very clean, very clear targeting. Our results show that we've efficiently ablated (destroyed) the ability of the measles virus to interact with its two natural receptors. And they also show that we can take our pick as to what new receptor we target and send the virus after it."

    How They Did It

    Using bioengineering techniques, the team reprogrammed the measles virus to seek a cancer cell to bind to instead of its natural binding partner. Then they invented a "molecular tag" that they attached to structures on the outside of the cancer-seeking measles virus. This tag is the key innovation of their work and central to the success of the team's investigation. It enables researchers to grow retargeted measles virus on special "universal substrate cells" -- while at the same time conserving the viral component for targeting and destroying tumors. Mass production of a retargeted virus was not possible before this specific innovation of the molecular tag -- and research in this area was at an impasse. Not any more.

    "The virus goes where it's meant to go, and it destroys the tumors in a targeted way," says Dr. Russell.

    Background Biology

    Natural viruses are cellular parasites. To reproduce more viruses, they need to bind to a partner on their target cell, fuse membranes to enter the target cell and then take over the cellular machinery. When they succeed in doing this, an infection occurs. Viruses are so good at taking over cells that researchers have long dreamed of exploiting the specific attraction viruses have to certain cells and using it as a homing device to seek and enter cancer cells.

    The measles virus became the focus of this vision several years ago when the surprising finding was made that the measles strain used internationally for vaccinations has natural anticancer activity.

    "But we had a concern that the measles virus may be a little too promiscuous in its ability to infect both cancer cells and non-cancer cells, so we wanted to develop a method whereby we could retarget the virus to infect cancer cells only," says Dr. Russell. "And we succeeded."

    Collaboration and Support

    In addition to Dr. Russell, the Mayo Clinic research team includes Takafumi Nakamura, Ph.D.; Kah-Whye Peng, Ph.D.; Mary Harvey, Suzanne Greiner and Charles James. From the University of Ottawa, Ian A.J. Lorimer, Ph.D, contributed his expertise. The work was funded by The Mayo Clinic Foundation, the Harold W. Siebens Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.

  8. Some other ideas...

    Gun Control

    Pre-marital Sex

    Separation of Church and State

    National Healthcare System

    Women's Rights/Feminism

    Education Reform

    Violence in the Media

    Environmental Preservation

    Regulation of Business

    Communism

    Capitalism

    Socialism

    Democracy

    Legal Drinking Age

    Legal Voting Age

    Casual Fridays and Workplace Morale

    Nuclear Power

    Vegetarianism

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